An Integrative Review: Speech therapy with newborns with heart disease in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Revisão integrativa: atuação fonoaudiológica com recém-nascidos portadores de cardiopatia em unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal

This study aims to identify and analyze, through literature, speech therapy care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) for congenital heart disease newborns. The source data is from Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval Sistem Online (MEDLINE), SciELO and the search engine of the National Library of Medicine in the databases PubMed, also the Google Scholar search system (http // scholar.google.com.br). The integrative review leads to knowledge on speech therapy studies with the population of the NICU, however, it does not describe the features of newborns with congenital heart disease, not even the exclusion factors on the research. The speech therapies in NICU are already consolidated and presented as assessment procedures and stimulator of the sensory-motor-oral system, using techniques of non-nutritive and nutritive sucking and hearing screening. The care of patients with congenital heart disease should be differentiated as it has particular features that can compromise the performance concerning feeding. The insertion of the speech therapist in cardiac neonatal ICU is not mentioned and even less are described the goals and practice of this professional. There was found the need for apparatus and investment on staff training to better management of cases in NICUs and specialized units in congenital heart disease, what makes this issue subject for further studies.